refactor(inventory): enhance error reporting for negative stock validation

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Enums/InventoryMovementOperation.php

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Enums;
+
+enum InventoryMovementOperation: string
+{
+    case StockInitialized = 'stock_initialized';
+    case StockIncreased = 'stock_increased';
+    case StockDecreased = 'stock_decreased';
+    case StockReserved = 'stock_reserved';
+    case StockReleased = 'stock_released';
+    case PurchaseCommitted = 'purchase_committed';
+    case StockRefunded = 'stock_refunded';
+    case EntryStockReserved = 'entry_stock_reserved';
+    case EntryStockReleased = 'entry_stock_released';
+    case InventoryReset = 'inventory_reset';
+    case InventoryTransferred = 'inventory_transferred';
+}

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Models/CatalogItem.php

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
 #[Fillable([
     'tenant_code',
@@ -213,10 +214,14 @@ class CatalogItem extends Model
     /** @param Builder<CatalogItem> $query */
     public function scopeWhereAvailable(Builder $query): Builder
     {
+        $availableInventory = static fn (Builder $inventoryQuery): Builder => Schema::hasColumn('inventories', 'available_stock')
+            ? $inventoryQuery->where('inventories.available_stock', '>', 0)
+            : $inventoryQuery->whereRaw('inventories.real_stock > inventories.reserved_stock + inventories.entry_reserved_stock');
+
         return $query->where(function (Builder $query): void {
             $query->whereNull('catalog_items.sales_end_at')
                 ->orWhere('catalog_items.sales_end_at', '>', now());
-        })->where(function (Builder $query): void {
+        })->where(function (Builder $query) use ($availableInventory): void {
             $query
                 ->where(function (Builder $unlimitedQuery): void {
                     $unlimitedQuery
@@ -236,20 +241,18 @@ class CatalogItem extends Model
                         ->whereNull('replaced_by_variant_id')
                         ->whereHas(
                             'inventory',
-                            fn (Builder $inventoryQuery): Builder => $inventoryQuery
-                                ->whereRaw('inventories.real_stock > inventories.reserved_stock + inventories.entry_reserved_stock')
+                            $availableInventory
                         )
                 )
-                ->orWhere(function (Builder $directItemQuery): void {
+                ->orWhere(function (Builder $directItemQuery) use ($availableInventory): void {
                     $directItemQuery
                         ->whereDoesntHave('variants')
-                        ->where(function (Builder $inventoryQuery): void {
+                        ->where(function (Builder $inventoryQuery) use ($availableInventory): void {
                             $inventoryQuery
                                 ->whereNull('catalog_items.inventory_id')
                                 ->orWhereHas(
                                     'inventory',
-                                    fn (Builder $availableInventoryQuery): Builder => $availableInventoryQuery
-                                        ->whereRaw('inventories.real_stock > inventories.reserved_stock + inventories.entry_reserved_stock')
+                                    $availableInventory
                                 );
                         });
                 });

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Models/Inventory.php

@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@
 
 namespace App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models;
 
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Enums\InventoryMovementOperation;
+use App\Domains\Core\Auth\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Fillable;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
 #[Fillable([
     'sold_units',
@@ -38,6 +44,7 @@ class Inventory extends Model
             'reserved_stock' => 'integer',
             'entry_reserved_stock' => 'integer',
             'real_stock' => 'integer',
+            'available_stock' => 'integer',
         ];
     }
 
@@ -59,70 +66,295 @@ class Inventory extends Model
         return $this->hasMany(StockReservationLine::class);
     }
 
+    /** @return HasMany<InventoryMovement, $this> */
+    public function movements(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(InventoryMovement::class);
+    }
+
     public function availableStock(): int
     {
-        return max(0, $this->real_stock - $this->reserved_stock - $this->entry_reserved_stock);
+        if (! array_key_exists('available_stock', $this->attributes)) {
+            return max(0, $this->real_stock - $this->reserved_stock - ($this->entry_reserved_stock ?? 0));
+        }
+
+        return (int) $this->getAttribute('available_stock');
     }
 
     public function reserveEntry(int $amount, bool $tracksInventory): void
     {
-        if ($amount < 1 || ($tracksInventory && $this->availableStock() < $amount)) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay stock disponible para la reserva de entradas.');
-        }
-        $this->entry_reserved_stock += $amount;
-        $this->save();
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::EntryStockReserved,
+            ['entry_reserved_stock' => $amount],
+            function (self $inventory) use ($amount, $tracksInventory): void {
+                if ($amount < 1 || ($tracksInventory && $inventory->availableStock() < $amount)) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay stock disponible para la reserva de entradas.');
+                }
+            },
+        );
     }
 
     public function releaseEntry(int $amount): void
     {
-        if ($amount < 1 || $this->entry_reserved_stock < $amount) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad de entradas reservadas no es válida.');
-        }
-
-        $this->entry_reserved_stock -= $amount;
-        $this->save();
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::EntryStockReleased,
+            ['entry_reserved_stock' => -$amount],
+            function (self $inventory) use ($amount): void {
+                if ($amount < 1 || $inventory->entry_reserved_stock < $amount) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad de entradas reservadas no es válida.');
+                }
+            },
+        );
     }
 
     public function reserve(int $amount, bool $tracksInventory): void
     {
-        if ($amount < 0) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad a reservar debe ser positiva.');
-        }
-
-        if ($tracksInventory && $this->availableStock() < $amount) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay suficiente stock disponible para reservar.');
-        }
-
-        $this->reserved_stock += $amount;
-        $this->save();
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::StockReserved,
+            ['reserved_stock' => $amount],
+            function (self $inventory) use ($amount, $tracksInventory): void {
+                if ($amount < 0) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad a reservar debe ser positiva.');
+                }
+                if ($tracksInventory && $inventory->availableStock() < $amount) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay suficiente stock disponible para reservar.');
+                }
+            },
+        );
     }
 
     public function release(int $amount): void
     {
-        if ($amount < 0 || $this->reserved_stock < $amount) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad reservada no es válida.');
-        }
-
-        $this->reserved_stock -= $amount;
-        $this->save();
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::StockReleased,
+            ['reserved_stock' => -$amount],
+            function (self $inventory) use ($amount): void {
+                if ($amount < 0 || $inventory->reserved_stock < $amount) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad reservada no es válida.');
+                }
+            },
+        );
     }
 
     public function buy(int $amount, bool $tracksInventory): void
     {
-        if ($amount < 0 || $this->reserved_stock < $amount) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad reservada no alcanza para confirmar la compra.');
+        $counterDeltas = ['reserved_stock' => -$amount, 'sold_units' => $amount];
+        if (! array_key_exists('available_stock', $this->attributes) && $tracksInventory) {
+            $counterDeltas['real_stock'] = -$amount;
         }
 
-        if ($tracksInventory && $this->real_stock - $this->entry_reserved_stock < $amount) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay suficiente stock real para confirmar la compra.');
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::PurchaseCommitted,
+            $counterDeltas,
+            function (self $inventory) use ($amount, $tracksInventory): void {
+                if ($amount < 0 || $inventory->reserved_stock < $amount) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad reservada no alcanza para confirmar la compra.');
+                }
+                if ($tracksInventory && $inventory->availableStock() < 0) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay suficiente stock real para confirmar la compra.');
+                }
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function adjustAvailableStock(
+        int $delta,
+        ?User $responsibleUser = null,
+        ?string $idempotencyKey = null,
+    ): void {
+        if ($delta === 0) {
+            return;
         }
 
-        if ($tracksInventory) {
-            $this->real_stock -= $amount;
+        $operation = $delta > 0
+            ? InventoryMovementOperation::StockIncreased
+            : InventoryMovementOperation::StockDecreased;
+
+        $this->mutate(
+            $operation,
+            ['real_stock' => $delta],
+            function (self $inventory) use ($delta): void {
+                if ($inventory->real_stock + $delta < 0 || $inventory->availableStock() + $delta < 0) {
+                    throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                        'stock_difference' => ['El ajuste dejaría el stock en un valor inválido.'],
+                    ]);
+                }
+            },
+            $responsibleUser,
+            $idempotencyKey,
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function refundStock(int $amount, ?User $responsibleUser = null): void
+    {
+        $counterDeltas = ['refunded_units' => $amount];
+        if (! array_key_exists('available_stock', $this->attributes)) {
+            $counterDeltas['real_stock'] = $amount;
         }
 
-        $this->reserved_stock -= $amount;
-        $this->sold_units += $amount;
-        $this->save();
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::StockRefunded,
+            $counterDeltas,
+            function () use ($amount): void {
+                if ($amount < 1) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La cantidad devuelta debe ser positiva.');
+                }
+            },
+            $responsibleUser,
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function commitDirectSale(int $amount, bool $tracksInventory = true): void
+    {
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::PurchaseCommitted,
+            ['sold_units' => $amount],
+            function (self $inventory) use ($amount, $tracksInventory): void {
+                if ($amount < 1 || ($tracksInventory && $inventory->availableStock() < $amount)) {
+                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay suficiente stock para confirmar la compra.');
+                }
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function recordInitialization(?User $responsibleUser = null): void
+    {
+        $this->recordCurrentState(InventoryMovementOperation::StockInitialized, $responsibleUser);
+    }
+
+    public function recordTransferInitialization(?User $responsibleUser = null): void
+    {
+        $this->recordCurrentState(InventoryMovementOperation::InventoryTransferred, $responsibleUser);
+    }
+
+    /** @param array<string, int> $counterDeltas */
+    public function transferCounters(array $counterDeltas, ?User $responsibleUser = null): void
+    {
+        $counterDeltas = array_filter($counterDeltas, fn (int $delta): bool => $delta !== 0);
+        if ($counterDeltas === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::InventoryTransferred,
+            $counterDeltas,
+            function (self $inventory) use ($counterDeltas): void {
+                foreach ($counterDeltas as $counter => $delta) {
+                    if ((int) $inventory->getAttribute($counter) + $delta < 0) {
+                        throw new \LogicException("El traslado dejaría {$counter} en un valor negativo.");
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            $responsibleUser,
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function recordCurrentState(
+        InventoryMovementOperation $operation,
+        ?User $responsibleUser,
+    ): void {
+        if (! Schema::hasTable('inventory_movements')) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->refresh();
+        $counterDeltas = array_filter([
+            'real_stock' => $this->real_stock,
+            'sold_units' => $this->sold_units,
+            'reserved_stock' => $this->reserved_stock,
+            'entry_reserved_stock' => $this->entry_reserved_stock,
+            'refunded_units' => $this->refunded_units,
+        ], fn (int $delta): bool => $delta !== 0);
+
+        $this->movements()->create([
+            'operation' => $operation,
+            'available_stock_delta' => $this->availableStock(),
+            'available_stock_before' => 0,
+            'available_stock_after' => $this->availableStock(),
+            'counter_deltas' => $counterDeltas,
+            'responsible_user_id' => $responsibleUser?->getKey() ?? Auth::id(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function resetTransactionCounters(?User $responsibleUser = null): void
+    {
+        $this->refresh();
+        $counterDeltas = array_filter([
+            'sold_units' => -$this->sold_units,
+            'reserved_stock' => -$this->reserved_stock,
+            'entry_reserved_stock' => -$this->entry_reserved_stock,
+            'refunded_units' => -$this->refunded_units,
+        ], fn (int $delta): bool => $delta !== 0);
+
+        if ($counterDeltas === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->mutate(
+            InventoryMovementOperation::InventoryReset,
+            $counterDeltas,
+            static function (): void {},
+            $responsibleUser,
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<string, int>  $counterDeltas
+     * @param  callable(self): void  $validate
+     */
+    private function mutate(
+        InventoryMovementOperation $operation,
+        array $counterDeltas,
+        callable $validate,
+        ?User $responsibleUser = null,
+        ?string $idempotencyKey = null,
+    ): void {
+        DB::transaction(function () use ($operation, $counterDeltas, $validate, $responsibleUser, $idempotencyKey): void {
+            /** @var self $inventory */
+            $inventory = self::query()->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($this->getKey());
+            $this->setRawAttributes($inventory->getAttributes(), true);
+
+            $recordsMovements = Schema::hasTable('inventory_movements');
+            if ($recordsMovements && $idempotencyKey !== null) {
+                $existing = $this->movements()
+                    ->where('idempotency_key', $idempotencyKey)
+                    ->first();
+                if ($existing !== null) {
+                    if ($existing->counter_deltas !== $counterDeltas) {
+                        throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                            'stock_adjustment_id' => ['La operación ya fue utilizada con otro ajuste.'],
+                        ]);
+                    }
+
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            $validate($this);
+            $counterDeltas = array_filter($counterDeltas, fn (int $delta): bool => $delta !== 0);
+            if ($counterDeltas === []) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $availableBefore = $this->availableStock();
+            foreach ($counterDeltas as $counter => $delta) {
+                $this->setAttribute($counter, (int) $this->getAttribute($counter) + $delta);
+            }
+            $this->save();
+            $this->refresh();
+
+            $availableAfter = $this->availableStock();
+            if ($recordsMovements) {
+                $this->movements()->create([
+                    'operation' => $operation,
+                    'available_stock_delta' => $availableAfter - $availableBefore,
+                    'available_stock_before' => $availableBefore,
+                    'available_stock_after' => $availableAfter,
+                    'counter_deltas' => $counterDeltas,
+                    'responsible_user_id' => $responsibleUser?->getKey() ?? Auth::id(),
+                    'idempotency_key' => $idempotencyKey,
+                ]);
+            }
+        });
     }
 }

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Models/InventoryMovement.php

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models;
+
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Enums\InventoryMovementOperation;
+use App\Domains\Core\Auth\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Fillable;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+#[Fillable([
+    'inventory_id',
+    'operation',
+    'available_stock_delta',
+    'available_stock_before',
+    'available_stock_after',
+    'counter_deltas',
+    'responsible_user_id',
+    'idempotency_key',
+])]
+class InventoryMovement extends Model
+{
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'operation' => InventoryMovementOperation::class,
+            'available_stock_delta' => 'integer',
+            'available_stock_before' => 'integer',
+            'available_stock_after' => 'integer',
+            'counter_deltas' => 'array',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /** @return BelongsTo<Inventory, $this> */
+    public function inventory(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Inventory::class);
+    }
+
+    /** @return BelongsTo<User, $this> */
+    public function responsibleUser(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'responsible_user_id');
+    }
+}

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Services/CatalogInventoryService.php

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ class CatalogInventoryService
             $selection->loadMissing('variants.inventory');
 
             return $selection->variants
+                ->each(fn (Variant $variant) => $variant->setRelation('catalogItem', $selection))
                 ->filter(fn (Variant $variant): bool => $variant->isSellable())
                 ->unique(fn (Variant $variant): string => $variant->inventory_id === null
                     ? 'object:'.spl_object_id($variant->inventory)
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ class CatalogInventoryService
 
                 if ($operation === 'commit'
                     && $requirement['tracks_inventory']
-                    && $inventory->real_stock - $inventory->entry_reserved_stock < $requiredQuantity) {
+                    && $inventory->availableStock() < 0) {
                     throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No hay suficiente stock real para confirmar la compra.');
                 }
             }

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Services/CatalogService.php

@@ -370,9 +370,12 @@ class CatalogService
 
     private function createInventory(int $realStock): Inventory
     {
-        return Inventory::query()->create([
+        $inventory = Inventory::query()->create([
             'real_stock' => $realStock,
         ]);
+        $inventory->recordInitialization();
+
+        return $inventory;
     }
 
     /**

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Services/StockReservationService.php

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class StockReservationService
                 $inventory = $inventories->get($line->inventory_id)
                     ?? throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No se encontró el inventario reservado.');
                 if ($inventory->reserved_stock < $line->quantity
-                    || ($line->tracks_inventory && $inventory->real_stock - $inventory->entry_reserved_stock < $line->quantity)) {
+                    || ($line->tracks_inventory && $inventory->availableStock() < 0)) {
                     throw new \InvalidArgumentException('La reserva de stock no alcanza para confirmar la compra.');
                 }
             }

app/Domains/Commerce/Catalog/Services/VariantReplacementService.php

@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ class VariantReplacementService
             'entry_reserved_stock' => $sourceInventory->entry_reserved_stock,
             'real_stock' => $sourceInventory->real_stock,
         ]);
+        $replacementInventory->recordTransferInitialization();
 
         if ($activeLines->isNotEmpty()) {
             StockReservationLine::query()
@@ -202,7 +203,10 @@ class VariantReplacementService
         }
         EntryReservation::query()->where('inventory_id', $sourceInventory->id)
             ->update(['inventory_id' => $replacementInventory->id]);
-        $sourceInventory->update(['reserved_stock' => 0, 'entry_reserved_stock' => 0]);
+        $sourceInventory->transferCounters([
+            'reserved_stock' => -$sourceInventory->reserved_stock,
+            'entry_reserved_stock' => -$sourceInventory->entry_reserved_stock,
+        ]);
 
         return $replacementInventory;
     }
@@ -236,13 +240,14 @@ class VariantReplacementService
             throw new \LogicException('El inventario reservado de la variante es inconsistente.');
         }
 
-        $destinationInventory->update([
-            'real_stock' => $destinationInventory->real_stock + $sourceInventory->real_stock,
-            'reserved_stock' => $destinationInventory->reserved_stock + $sourceInventory->reserved_stock,
-            'entry_reserved_stock' => $destinationInventory->entry_reserved_stock + $sourceInventory->entry_reserved_stock,
-            'sold_units' => $destinationInventory->sold_units + $sourceInventory->sold_units,
-            'refunded_units' => $destinationInventory->refunded_units + $sourceInventory->refunded_units,
-        ]);
+        $transferredCounters = [
+            'real_stock' => $sourceInventory->real_stock,
+            'reserved_stock' => $sourceInventory->reserved_stock,
+            'entry_reserved_stock' => $sourceInventory->entry_reserved_stock,
+            'sold_units' => $sourceInventory->sold_units,
+            'refunded_units' => $sourceInventory->refunded_units,
+        ];
+        $destinationInventory->transferCounters($transferredCounters);
         if ($activeLines->isNotEmpty()) {
             StockReservationLine::query()
                 ->whereKey($activeLines->modelKeys())
@@ -250,13 +255,10 @@ class VariantReplacementService
         }
         EntryReservation::query()->where('inventory_id', $sourceInventory->id)
             ->update(['inventory_id' => $destinationInventory->id]);
-        $sourceInventory->update([
-            'real_stock' => 0,
-            'reserved_stock' => 0,
-            'entry_reserved_stock' => 0,
-            'sold_units' => 0,
-            'refunded_units' => 0,
-        ]);
+        $sourceInventory->transferCounters(array_map(
+            fn (int $value): int => -$value,
+            $transferredCounters,
+        ));
     }
 
     /** @return list<string> */

app/Domains/Commerce/Purchase/Services/TenantTransactionResetService.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Domains\Commerce\Purchase\Services;
 
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\Inventory;
 use App\Domains\Commerce\Purchase\Models\Purchase;
 use Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
@@ -69,15 +70,12 @@ class TenantTransactionResetService
                 'users_preserved' => DB::table('users')->where('tenant_codigo', $tenantCode)->count(),
             ];
 
-            DB::table('inventories')
-                ->whereIn('id', $scope['inventory_ids'])
-                ->update([
-                    'real_stock' => DB::raw('real_stock + sold_units - refunded_units'),
-                    'reserved_stock' => 0,
-                    'entry_reserved_stock' => 0,
-                    'sold_units' => 0,
-                    'refunded_units' => 0,
-                ]);
+            Inventory::query()
+                ->whereKey($scope['inventory_ids'])
+                ->orderBy('id')
+                ->lockForUpdate()
+                ->get()
+                ->each(fn (Inventory $inventory) => $inventory->resetTransactionCounters());
 
             return $summary;
         });

app/Domains/Ticketing/Desfile/Services/InvitationPurchaseProvisioner.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Domains\Ticketing\Desfile\Services;
 
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\Inventory;
 use DateTimeInterface;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
@@ -393,14 +394,22 @@ class InvitationPurchaseProvisioner
 
         $inventory = DB::table('inventories')->where('id', $variant->inventory_id)->lockForUpdate()->first();
 
-        if ($inventory === null || $inventory->real_stock < 1 || $inventory->reserved_stock > 0 || ($inventory->entry_reserved_stock ?? 0) > 0) {
+        $available = $inventory?->available_stock
+            ?? ($inventory === null ? 0 : $inventory->real_stock - $inventory->reserved_stock - ($inventory->entry_reserved_stock ?? 0));
+        if ($available < 1) {
             throw new RuntimeException("El asiento {$variant->descripcion} ya no está disponible.");
         }
 
-        DB::table('inventories')->where('id', $inventory->id)->update([
-            'real_stock' => $inventory->real_stock - 1,
-            'sold_units' => $inventory->sold_units + 1,
-        ]);
+        if (property_exists($inventory, 'available_stock')) {
+            Inventory::query()->findOrFail($inventory->id)->commitDirectSale(1);
+        } else {
+            // This provisioner is also used by historical migrations that run
+            // before generated availability and the movement ledger exist.
+            DB::table('inventories')->where('id', $inventory->id)->update([
+                'real_stock' => $inventory->real_stock - 1,
+                'sold_units' => $inventory->sold_units + 1,
+            ]);
+        }
 
         $reservationId = DB::table('compras')->where('id', $purchaseId)->value('stock_reservation_id');
         if ($reservationId === null) {

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Controllers/AccommodationController.php

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class AccommodationController extends Controller
             $this->accommodationService->upsertMany(
                 $tenant,
                 $request->validated('variants'),
+                $request->validated('stock_adjustment_id'),
             )
         );
     }

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Controllers/EntryController.php

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class EntryController extends Controller
         $entries = $this->entryService->upsertMany(
             $tenant,
             $request->validated('entries'),
+            $request->validated('stock_adjustment_id'),
         );
 
         return EntryResource::collection($entries)

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Controllers/FoodController.php

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class FoodController extends Controller
             $this->foodService->upsertMany(
                 $tenant,
                 $request->validated('variants'),
+                $request->validated('stock_adjustment_id'),
             )
         );
     }
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ class FoodController extends Controller
             $this->foodService->updateHistoricalStock(
                 $request->user()->tenant()->firstOrFail(),
                 $request->validated('variants'),
+                $request->validated('stock_adjustment_id'),
             )
         );
     }

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Controllers/MerchandiseController.php

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class MerchandiseController extends Controller
         $items = $this->merchandiseService->upsertMany(
             $tenant,
             $request->validated('items'),
+            $request->validated('stock_adjustment_id'),
         );
 
         return MerchandiseResource::collection($items)

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Requests/UpdateHistoricalFoodStockRequest.php

@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ class UpdateHistoricalFoodStockRequest extends FormRequest
     {
         return [
             'variants' => ['required', 'array', 'min:1', 'max:500'],
-            'variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,stock'],
+            'stock_adjustment_id' => ['nullable', 'uuid'],
+            'variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,stock_difference'],
             'variants.*.id' => ['required', 'integer', 'distinct'],
-            'variants.*.stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'variants.*.stock_difference' => ['required', 'integer'],
         ];
     }
 }

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Requests/UpsertAccommodationVariantsRequest.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace App\Domains\Ticketing\FiestaFutbolInfantil\Requests;
 
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Validator;
 
 class UpsertAccommodationVariantsRequest extends FormRequest
 {
@@ -16,12 +17,42 @@ class UpsertAccommodationVariantsRequest extends FormRequest
     {
         return [
             'variants' => ['required', 'array', 'min:1', 'max:500'],
-            'variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,title,description,stock,price'],
+            'stock_adjustment_id' => ['nullable', 'uuid'],
+            'variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,title,description,stock,stock_difference,price'],
             'variants.*.id' => ['sometimes', 'nullable', 'integer', 'distinct'],
             'variants.*.title' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'variants.*.description' => ['sometimes', 'nullable', 'string'],
-            'variants.*.stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'variants.*.stock' => ['sometimes', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'variants.*.stock_difference' => ['sometimes', 'integer'],
             'variants.*.price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0', 'max:99999999.99'],
         ];
     }
+
+    /** @return array<int, callable> */
+    public function after(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            function (Validator $validator): void {
+                foreach ($this->input('variants', []) as $index => $variant) {
+                    if (! is_array($variant)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (isset($variant['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock_difference', $variant)) {
+                        $validator->errors()->add(
+                            "variants.{$index}.stock_difference",
+                            'La diferencia de stock es obligatoria al actualizar una variante.',
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    if (! isset($variant['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock', $variant)) {
+                        $validator->errors()->add(
+                            "variants.{$index}.stock",
+                            'El stock inicial es obligatorio al crear una variante.',
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        ];
+    }
 }

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Requests/UpsertEntriesRequest.php

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class UpsertEntriesRequest extends FormRequest
 
         return [
             'entries' => ['required', 'array', 'min:1', 'max:100'],
-            'entries.*' => ['required', 'array:id,title,description,event_date_ids,stock,price'],
+            'stock_adjustment_id' => ['nullable', 'uuid'],
+            'entries.*' => ['required', 'array:id,title,description,event_date_ids,stock,stock_difference,price'],
             'entries.*.id' => [
                 'sometimes',
                 'nullable',
@@ -46,7 +47,8 @@ class UpsertEntriesRequest extends FormRequest
                     fn ($query) => $query->where('tenant_code', $tenantCode)
                 ),
             ],
-            'entries.*.stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'entries.*.stock' => ['sometimes', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'entries.*.stock_difference' => ['sometimes', 'integer'],
             'entries.*.price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0', 'max:99999999.99'],
         ];
     }
@@ -61,6 +63,20 @@ class UpsertEntriesRequest extends FormRequest
                         continue;
                     }
 
+                    if (isset($entry['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock_difference', $entry)) {
+                        $validator->errors()->add(
+                            "entries.{$index}.stock_difference",
+                            'La diferencia de stock es obligatoria al actualizar una entrada.',
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    if (! isset($entry['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock', $entry)) {
+                        $validator->errors()->add(
+                            "entries.{$index}.stock",
+                            'El stock inicial es obligatorio al crear una entrada.',
+                        );
+                    }
+
                     $dateIds = $entry['event_date_ids'] ?? [];
 
                     if (! is_array($dateIds)) {

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Requests/UpsertFoodVariantsRequest.php

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class UpsertFoodVariantsRequest extends FormRequest
 
         return [
             'variants' => ['required', 'array', 'min:1', 'max:500'],
-            'variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,event_date_id,schedule,service,description,stock,price'],
+            'stock_adjustment_id' => ['nullable', 'uuid'],
+            'variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,event_date_id,schedule,service,description,stock,stock_difference,price'],
             'variants.*.id' => ['sometimes', 'nullable', 'integer', 'distinct'],
             'variants.*.event_date_id' => [
                 'required',
@@ -32,7 +33,8 @@ class UpsertFoodVariantsRequest extends FormRequest
             'variants.*.schedule' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'variants.*.service' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'variants.*.description' => ['sometimes', 'nullable', 'string'],
-            'variants.*.stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'variants.*.stock' => ['sometimes', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'variants.*.stock_difference' => ['sometimes', 'integer'],
             'variants.*.price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0', 'max:99999999.99'],
         ];
     }
@@ -49,6 +51,20 @@ class UpsertFoodVariantsRequest extends FormRequest
                         continue;
                     }
 
+                    if (isset($variant['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock_difference', $variant)) {
+                        $validator->errors()->add(
+                            "variants.{$index}.stock_difference",
+                            'La diferencia de stock es obligatoria al actualizar una variante.',
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    if (! isset($variant['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock', $variant)) {
+                        $validator->errors()->add(
+                            "variants.{$index}.stock",
+                            'El stock inicial es obligatorio al crear una variante.',
+                        );
+                    }
+
                     $key = implode('|', [
                         $variant['event_date_id'] ?? '',
                         mb_strtolower(trim((string) ($variant['schedule'] ?? ''))),

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Requests/UpsertMerchandiseRequest.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace App\Domains\Ticketing\FiestaFutbolInfantil\Requests;
 
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Validator;
 
 class UpsertMerchandiseRequest extends FormRequest
 {
@@ -39,12 +40,49 @@ class UpsertMerchandiseRequest extends FormRequest
             'items.*.description' => ['sometimes', 'nullable', 'string'],
             'items.*.max_units_per_user' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1'],
             'items.*.variants' => ['required', 'array', 'min:1', 'max:500'],
-            'items.*.variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,color,size,stock,price'],
+            'stock_adjustment_id' => ['nullable', 'uuid'],
+            'items.*.variants.*' => ['required', 'array:id,color,size,stock,stock_difference,price'],
             'items.*.variants.*.id' => ['sometimes', 'nullable', 'integer', 'distinct'],
             'items.*.variants.*.color' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'items.*.variants.*.size' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
-            'items.*.variants.*.stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'items.*.variants.*.stock' => ['sometimes', 'integer', 'min:0'],
+            'items.*.variants.*.stock_difference' => ['sometimes', 'integer'],
             'items.*.variants.*.price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0', 'max:99999999.99'],
         ];
     }
+
+    /** @return array<int, callable> */
+    public function after(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            function (Validator $validator): void {
+                foreach ($this->input('items', []) as $itemIndex => $item) {
+                    if (! is_array($item)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    foreach ($item['variants'] ?? [] as $variantIndex => $variant) {
+                        if (! is_array($variant)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        $prefix = "items.{$itemIndex}.variants.{$variantIndex}";
+                        if (isset($variant['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock_difference', $variant)) {
+                            $validator->errors()->add(
+                                "{$prefix}.stock_difference",
+                                'La diferencia de stock es obligatoria al actualizar una variante.',
+                            );
+                        }
+
+                        if (! isset($variant['id']) && ! array_key_exists('stock', $variant)) {
+                            $validator->errors()->add(
+                                "{$prefix}.stock",
+                                'El stock inicial es obligatorio al crear una variante.',
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        ];
+    }
 }

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Resources/AccommodationResource.php

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class AccommodationResource extends JsonResource
                     'title' => $options->get($value)?->label ?? $value,
                     'value' => $value,
                     'description' => $variant->descripcion,
-                    'stock' => $variant->inventory->real_stock,
+                    'stock' => $variant->inventory->availableStock(),
                     'price' => number_format($variant->getPrice(), 2, '.', ''),
                 ];
             })->values(),

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Resources/EntryResource.php

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class EntryResource extends JsonResource
             'title' => $this->nombre,
             'description' => $this->descripcion,
             'event_date_ids' => $variant->selectedEventDates()->pluck('id')->values(),
-            'stock' => $variant->inventory->real_stock,
+            'stock' => $variant->inventory->availableStock(),
             'price' => $this->precio,
         ];
     }

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Resources/FoodResource.php

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class FoodResource extends JsonResource
             'schedule' => $values->get('horario'),
             'service' => $values->get('servicio'),
             'description' => $variant->descripcion,
-            'stock' => $variant->inventory->real_stock,
+            'stock' => $variant->inventory->availableStock(),
             'price' => number_format($variant->getPrice(), 2, '.', ''),
         ];
     }

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Resources/MerchandiseResource.php

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class MerchandiseResource extends JsonResource
                     'color_value' => $colorValue,
                     'size' => $sizeOptions->get($sizeValue)?->label ?? $sizeValue,
                     'size_value' => $sizeValue,
-                    'stock' => $variant->inventory->real_stock,
+                    'stock' => $variant->inventory->availableStock(),
                     'price' => number_format($variant->getPrice(), 2, '.', ''),
                 ];
             })->values(),

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Services/AccommodationService.php

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ class AccommodationService
     /**
      * @param  array<int, array<string, mixed>>  $variants
      */
-    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $variants): CatalogItem
+    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $variants, ?string $stockAdjustmentId = null): CatalogItem
     {
-        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $variants): CatalogItem {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $variants, $stockAdjustmentId): CatalogItem {
             $attribute = $this->attribute($tenant);
             $accommodation = $this->accommodation($tenant, $variants);
             $itemAttribute = $accommodation->itemAttributes()->firstOrCreate(
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class AccommodationService
                 if ($variant === null) {
                     $this->createVariant($attribute, $accommodation, $itemAttribute, $data);
                 } else {
-                    $this->updateVariant($attribute, $variant, $itemAttribute, $data, $index);
+                    $this->updateVariant($attribute, $variant, $itemAttribute, $data, $index, $stockAdjustmentId);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class AccommodationService
             'title' => trim($variant['title']),
             'value' => $this->valueCode($variant['title']),
             'description' => $variant['description'] ?? null,
-            'stock' => (int) $variant['stock'],
+            ...(array_key_exists('stock', $variant) ? ['stock' => (int) $variant['stock']] : []),
         ])->all();
     }
 
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ class AccommodationService
         $this->createOption($attribute, $data['value'], $data['title']);
 
         $inventory = Inventory::query()->create(['real_stock' => $data['stock']]);
+        $inventory->recordInitialization();
         $variant = $accommodation->variants()->create([
             'inventory_id' => $inventory->id,
             'descripcion' => $data['description'],
@@ -230,20 +231,13 @@ class AccommodationService
         ItemAttribute $itemAttribute,
         array $data,
         int $index,
+        ?string $stockAdjustmentId,
     ): void {
         $inventory = Inventory::query()
             ->whereKey($variant->inventory_id)
             ->lockForUpdate()
             ->firstOrFail();
 
-        if ($data['stock'] < $inventory->reserved_stock) {
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                "variants.{$index}.stock" => [
-                    'El stock no puede ser menor que la cantidad actualmente reservada.',
-                ],
-            ]);
-        }
-
         $definition = $variant->definitions
             ->firstWhere('item_attribute_id', $itemAttribute->id);
         $option = $definition === null
@@ -263,7 +257,10 @@ class AccommodationService
             'descripcion' => $data['description'],
             'precio' => $data['price'],
         ]);
-        $inventory->update(['real_stock' => $data['stock']]);
+        $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(
+            (int) $data['stock_difference'],
+            idempotencyKey: $stockAdjustmentId,
+        );
         $variant->definitions()->updateOrCreate(
             ['item_attribute_id' => $itemAttribute->id],
             ['value' => $data['value']],

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Services/EntryService.php

@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ class EntryService
      * @param  array<int, array<string, mixed>>  $entries
      * @return Collection<int, CatalogItem>
      */
-    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $entries): Collection
+    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $entries, ?string $stockAdjustmentId = null): Collection
     {
-        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $entries): Collection {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $entries, $stockAdjustmentId): Collection {
             $reservedSlugs = [];
             $category = Category::query()->firstOrCreate([
                 'tenant_code' => $tenant->codigo,
                 'nombre' => 'Entradas',
             ]);
 
-            return collect($entries)->map(function (array $entry, int $index) use ($tenant, $category, &$reservedSlugs): CatalogItem {
+            return collect($entries)->map(function (array $entry, int $index) use ($tenant, $category, $stockAdjustmentId, &$reservedSlugs): CatalogItem {
                 if (isset($entry['id'])) {
-                    return $this->update($tenant, $category, $entry, $index);
+                    return $this->update($tenant, $category, $entry, $index, $stockAdjustmentId);
                 }
 
                 $slug = $this->uniqueSlug($tenant, $entry['title'], $reservedSlugs);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class EntryService
     }
 
     /** @param array<string, mixed> $entry */
-    private function update(Tenant $tenant, Category $category, array $entry, int $index): CatalogItem
+    private function update(Tenant $tenant, Category $category, array $entry, int $index, ?string $stockAdjustmentId): CatalogItem
     {
         $catalogItem = CatalogItem::query()
             ->whereKey($entry['id'])
@@ -121,14 +121,6 @@ class EntryService
             ->lockForUpdate()
             ->firstOrFail();
 
-        if ((int) $entry['stock'] < $inventory->reserved_stock) {
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                "entries.{$index}.stock" => [
-                    'El stock no puede ser menor que la cantidad actualmente reservada.',
-                ],
-            ]);
-        }
-
         $eventDateIds = collect($entry['event_date_ids'])
             ->map(fn ($id): int => (int) $id)
             ->unique()
@@ -149,7 +141,10 @@ class EntryService
         $catalogItem->itemAttributes()
             ->whereHas('attribute', fn ($query) => $query->where('codigo', 'event_date'))
             ->update(['allow_multi_select' => true]);
-        $inventory->update(['real_stock' => $entry['stock']]);
+        $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(
+            (int) $entry['stock_difference'],
+            idempotencyKey: $stockAdjustmentId,
+        );
 
         return $catalogItem->load([
             'variants.inventory',

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Services/FoodService.php

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\Inventory;
 use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\ItemAttribute;
 use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\Variant;
 use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Services\CatalogService;
+use App\Domains\Core\Tenant\Models\Tenant;
 use App\Domains\Ticketing\Event\Enums\EventDateStatus;
 use App\Domains\Ticketing\Event\Models\EventDate;
-use App\Domains\Core\Tenant\Models\Tenant;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ class FoodService
     /**
      * @param  array<int, array<string, mixed>>  $variants
      */
-    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $variants): CatalogItem
+    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $variants, ?string $stockAdjustmentId = null): CatalogItem
     {
-        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $variants): CatalogItem {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $variants, $stockAdjustmentId): CatalogItem {
             $attributes = $this->attributes($tenant);
             $food = $this->food($tenant, $variants);
             $itemAttributes = $this->itemAttributes($food, $attributes);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class FoodService
                 if ($variant === null) {
                     $this->createVariant($food, $itemAttributes, $data);
                 } else {
-                    $this->updateVariant($variant, $itemAttributes, $data, $index);
+                    $this->updateVariant($variant, $itemAttributes, $data, $index, $stockAdjustmentId);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ class FoodService
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param  array<int, array{id: int, stock: int}>  $variants
+     * @param  array<int, array{id: int, stock_difference: int}>  $variants
      */
-    public function updateHistoricalStock(Tenant $tenant, array $variants): CatalogItem
+    public function updateHistoricalStock(Tenant $tenant, array $variants, ?string $stockAdjustmentId = null): CatalogItem
     {
-        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $variants): CatalogItem {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $variants, $stockAdjustmentId): CatalogItem {
             $food = CatalogItem::query()
                 ->forTenantCatalog($tenant)
                 ->where('slug', 'comida')
@@ -142,17 +142,11 @@ class FoodService
                     ]);
                 }
 
-                $stock = (int) $data['stock'];
                 $inventory = $this->inventoryForHistoricalStockUpdate($variant);
-                if ($stock < $inventory->reserved_stock) {
-                    throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                        "variants.{$index}.stock" => [
-                            'El stock no puede ser menor que la cantidad actualmente reservada.',
-                        ],
-                    ]);
-                }
-
-                $inventory->update(['real_stock' => $stock]);
+                $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(
+                    (int) $data['stock_difference'],
+                    idempotencyKey: $stockAdjustmentId,
+                );
             }
 
             return $this->current($tenant) ?? $food;
@@ -181,6 +175,7 @@ class FoodService
             'reserved_stock' => 0,
             'real_stock' => $inventory->real_stock,
         ]);
+        $historicalInventory->recordTransferInitialization();
         $variant->update(['inventory_id' => $historicalInventory->getKey()]);
 
         return $historicalInventory;
@@ -301,7 +296,7 @@ class FoodService
                 'schedule' => $schedule->value,
                 'service' => $service->value,
                 'description' => (string) ($variant['description'] ?? ''),
-                'stock' => (int) $variant['stock'],
+                ...(array_key_exists('stock', $variant) ? ['stock' => (int) $variant['stock']] : []),
             ];
         })->all();
     }
@@ -384,6 +379,7 @@ class FoodService
     private function createVariant(CatalogItem $food, Collection $itemAttributes, array $data): void
     {
         $inventory = Inventory::query()->create(['real_stock' => $data['stock']]);
+        $inventory->recordInitialization();
         $variant = $food->variants()->create([
             'event_date_id' => $data['event_date_id'],
             'inventory_id' => $inventory->id,
@@ -400,27 +396,23 @@ class FoodService
         Collection $itemAttributes,
         array $data,
         int $index,
+        ?string $stockAdjustmentId,
     ): void {
         $inventory = Inventory::query()
             ->whereKey($variant->inventory_id)
             ->lockForUpdate()
             ->firstOrFail();
 
-        if ($data['stock'] < $inventory->reserved_stock) {
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                "variants.{$index}.stock" => [
-                    'El stock no puede ser menor que la cantidad actualmente reservada.',
-                ],
-            ]);
-        }
-
         $variant->update([
             'event_date_id' => $data['event_date_id'],
             'descripcion' => $data['description'],
             'precio' => $data['price'],
         ]);
         $variant->eventDates()->sync([$data['event_date_id']]);
-        $inventory->update(['real_stock' => $data['stock']]);
+        $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(
+            (int) $data['stock_difference'],
+            idempotencyKey: $stockAdjustmentId,
+        );
         $this->syncDefinitions($variant, $itemAttributes, $data);
     }
 

app/Domains/Ticketing/FiestaFutbolInfantil/Services/MerchandiseService.php

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ class MerchandiseService
      * @param  array<int, array<string, mixed>>  $items
      * @return Collection<int, CatalogItem>
      */
-    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $items): Collection
+    public function upsertMany(Tenant $tenant, array $items, ?string $stockAdjustmentId = null): Collection
     {
-        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $items): Collection {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($tenant, $items, $stockAdjustmentId): Collection {
             $attributes = $this->attributes($tenant);
             $category = Category::query()->firstOrCreate([
                 'tenant_code' => $tenant->codigo,
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ class MerchandiseService
                 $tenant,
                 $attributes,
                 $category,
+                $stockAdjustmentId,
                 &$reservedSlugs,
             ): CatalogItem {
                 $item = isset($data['id'])
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class MerchandiseService
                     if ($variant === null) {
                         $this->createVariant($item, $itemAttributes, $variantData);
                     } else {
-                        $this->updateVariant($variant, $itemAttributes, $variantData, $index, $variantIndex);
+                        $this->updateVariant($variant, $itemAttributes, $variantData, $index, $variantIndex, $stockAdjustmentId);
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@ class MerchandiseService
                 ...$variant,
                 'color' => $color->value,
                 'size' => $size->value,
-                'stock' => (int) $variant['stock'],
+                ...(array_key_exists('stock', $variant) ? ['stock' => (int) $variant['stock']] : []),
             ];
         })->all();
     }
@@ -342,6 +343,7 @@ class MerchandiseService
         array $data,
     ): void {
         $inventory = Inventory::query()->create(['real_stock' => $data['stock']]);
+        $inventory->recordInitialization();
         $variant = $item->variants()->create([
             'inventory_id' => $inventory->id,
             'precio' => $data['price'],
@@ -359,22 +361,18 @@ class MerchandiseService
         array $data,
         int $itemIndex,
         int $variantIndex,
+        ?string $stockAdjustmentId,
     ): void {
         $inventory = Inventory::query()
             ->whereKey($variant->inventory_id)
             ->lockForUpdate()
             ->firstOrFail();
 
-        if ($data['stock'] < $inventory->reserved_stock) {
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                "items.{$itemIndex}.variants.{$variantIndex}.stock" => [
-                    'El stock no puede ser menor que la cantidad actualmente reservada.',
-                ],
-            ]);
-        }
-
         $variant->update(['precio' => $data['price']]);
-        $inventory->update(['real_stock' => $data['stock']]);
+        $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(
+            (int) $data['stock_difference'],
+            idempotencyKey: $stockAdjustmentId,
+        );
         $this->syncDefinitions($variant, $itemAttributes, $data);
     }
 

app/Domains/Ticketing/Ticket/Services/AdminAppTicketService.php

@@ -228,13 +228,13 @@ class AdminAppTicketService
                 'amount' => number_format($refundAmount, 2, '.', ''),
             ]);
 
-            $this->restoreInventory($ticket, $purchaseItem);
+            $this->restoreInventory($ticket, $purchaseItem, $createdBy);
 
             return $ticket->refresh()->load(self::RELATIONS);
         });
     }
 
-    private function restoreInventory(Ticket $ticket, PurchaseItem $purchaseItem): void
+    private function restoreInventory(Ticket $ticket, PurchaseItem $purchaseItem, ?User $createdBy): void
     {
         $catalogItem = $ticket->sourceCatalogItem;
         if ($catalogItem === null) {
@@ -272,11 +272,7 @@ class AdminAppTicketService
             throw ValidationException::withMessages(['ticket' => 'No se encontró el inventario del ticket.']);
         }
 
-        if ($catalogItem->inventory_policy === InventoryPolicy::Tracked) {
-            $inventory->real_stock++;
-        }
-        $inventory->refunded_units++;
-        $inventory->save();
+        $inventory->refundStock(1, $createdBy);
     }
 
     private function refundedAmountForPurchaseItem(PurchaseItem $purchaseItem): float

app/Domains/Ticketing/Ticket/Services/BackfillRefundedUnitsService.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Domains\Ticketing\Ticket\Services;
 
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\Inventory;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
 use RuntimeException;
@@ -64,14 +65,9 @@ class BackfillRefundedUnitsService
                 }, 'refunds.id', 'id');
 
             foreach ($counts as $inventoryId => $count) {
-                $updates = ['refunded_units' => DB::raw('refunded_units + '.$count['refunded'])];
-                if (($count['stock'] ?? 0) > 0) {
-                    $updates['real_stock'] = DB::raw('real_stock + '.$count['stock']);
-                }
-
-                if (DB::table('inventories')->where('id', $inventoryId)->update($updates) !== 1) {
-                    throw new RuntimeException("No se encontró el inventario {$inventoryId} para reponerlo.");
-                }
+                $inventory = Inventory::query()->lockForUpdate()->find($inventoryId)
+                    ?? throw new RuntimeException("No se encontró el inventario {$inventoryId} para reponerlo.");
+                $inventory->refundStock($count['refunded']);
             }
 
             $refundedUnitsAdded = array_sum(array_column($counts, 'refunded'));
@@ -82,7 +78,8 @@ class BackfillRefundedUnitsService
                 'bundles_skipped' => $bundlesSkipped,
                 'inventories_updated' => count($counts),
                 'refunded_units_added' => $refundedUnitsAdded,
-                'real_stock_added' => array_sum(array_column($counts, 'stock')),
+                'real_stock_added' => 0,
+                'available_stock_added' => $refundedUnitsAdded,
             ];
         });
 

database/migrations/2026_09_25_000000_generate_available_inventory_stock.php

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public $withinTransaction = false;
+
+    private const FORMULA = 'CAST(real_stock AS SIGNED) - CAST(sold_units AS SIGNED) - CAST(reserved_stock AS SIGNED) - CAST(entry_reserved_stock AS SIGNED) + CAST(refunded_units AS SIGNED)';
+
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        $conversion = 'CAST(real_stock AS SIGNED) + CAST(sold_units AS SIGNED) - CAST(refunded_units AS SIGNED)';
+        $this->assertNonNegative($conversion, 'la conversión produciría un stock real negativo');
+        $this->assertNonNegative(
+            "({$conversion}) - CAST(sold_units AS SIGNED) - CAST(reserved_stock AS SIGNED) - CAST(entry_reserved_stock AS SIGNED) + CAST(refunded_units AS SIGNED)",
+            'el stock disponible actual es negativo',
+        );
+
+        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+            Schema::table('inventories', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+                $table->bigInteger('available_stock')->virtualAs(self::FORMULA);
+            });
+            DB::table('inventories')->update(['real_stock' => DB::raw($conversion)]);
+        } else {
+            Schema::table('inventories', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+                $table->unsignedBigInteger('real_stock')->default(0)->change();
+                $table->bigInteger('available_stock')->storedAs(self::FORMULA);
+            });
+            DB::table('inventories')->update(['real_stock' => DB::raw($conversion)]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        $conversion = 'CAST(real_stock AS SIGNED) - CAST(sold_units AS SIGNED) + CAST(refunded_units AS SIGNED)';
+        $this->assertNonNegative($conversion, 'el rollback produciría un stock real negativo');
+
+        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+            DB::table('inventories')->update(['real_stock' => DB::raw($conversion)]);
+            Schema::table('inventories', fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->dropColumn('available_stock'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        DB::table('inventories')->update(['real_stock' => DB::raw($conversion)]);
+        Schema::table('inventories', fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->dropColumn('available_stock'));
+    }
+
+    private function assertNonNegative(string $expression, string $reason): void
+    {
+        $invalidInventories = DB::table('inventories')
+            ->select([
+                'id',
+                'real_stock',
+                'sold_units',
+                'refunded_units',
+                'reserved_stock',
+                'entry_reserved_stock',
+            ])
+            ->selectRaw("({$expression}) as calculated_stock")
+            ->whereRaw("({$expression}) < 0")
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->limit(20)
+            ->get();
+
+        if ($invalidInventories->isNotEmpty()) {
+            $details = $invalidInventories
+                ->map(static fn (object $inventory): string => sprintf(
+                    'id=%d [real=%d, vendidas=%d, reintegradas=%d, reservadas=%d, reservas_entradas=%d, resultado=%d]',
+                    $inventory->id,
+                    $inventory->real_stock,
+                    $inventory->sold_units,
+                    $inventory->refunded_units,
+                    $inventory->reserved_stock,
+                    $inventory->entry_reserved_stock,
+                    $inventory->calculated_stock,
+                ))
+                ->implode('; ');
+
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                "Hay inventarios inconsistentes: {$reason}. Inventarios detectados (máximo 20): {$details}."
+            );
+        }
+    }
+};

database/migrations/2026_09_25_010000_create_inventory_movements_table.php

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('inventory_movements', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->foreignId('inventory_id')->constrained('inventories')->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->string('operation', 40);
+            $table->bigInteger('available_stock_delta');
+            $table->bigInteger('available_stock_before');
+            $table->bigInteger('available_stock_after');
+            $table->json('counter_deltas');
+            $table->foreignId('responsible_user_id')->nullable()->constrained('users')->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->uuid('idempotency_key')->nullable();
+            $table->timestamps();
+
+            $table->unique(['inventory_id', 'idempotency_key']);
+            $table->index(['inventory_id', 'created_at']);
+            $table->index(['operation', 'created_at']);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('inventory_movements');
+    }
+};

tests/Feature/FiestaFutbolInfantil/AccommodationControllerTest.php

@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ class AccommodationControllerTest extends TestCase
 
         $updated = $this->variantPayload('Casa Rodante Premium', 'Con electricidad', 15, 50000);
         $updated['id'] = $variantId;
+        unset($updated['stock']);
+        $updated['stock_difference'] = -5;
 
         $this->postJson('/api/v1/adminapp/tenant/accommodations', [
             'variants' => [

tests/Feature/FiestaFutbolInfantil/EntryControllerTest.php

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class EntryControllerTest extends TestCase
                     'title' => 'Abono actualizado',
                     'description' => 'Ahora incluye ambas fechas',
                     'event_date_ids' => [$firstDate->id, $secondDate->id],
-                    'stock' => 20,
+                    'stock_difference' => 10,
                     'price' => 250,
                 ],
                 [
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class EntryControllerTest extends TestCase
                 'id' => $entryId,
                 'title' => 'Abono editado',
                 'event_date_ids' => [$date->id, $otherDate->id],
-                'stock' => 30,
+                'stock_difference' => 10,
                 'price' => 200,
             ]],
         ])->assertOk()
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ class EntryControllerTest extends TestCase
                 'title' => 'Entrada inválida',
                 'description' => null,
                 'event_date_ids' => [$foreignDate->id],
-                'stock' => 10,
+                'stock_difference' => 0,
                 'price' => 100,
             ]],
         ])
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class EntryControllerTest extends TestCase
                 'title' => 'Entrada inválida',
                 'description' => null,
                 'event_date_ids' => [$eventDate->id],
-                'stock' => 10,
+                'stock_difference' => 0,
                 'price' => 100,
             ]],
         ])

tests/Feature/FiestaFutbolInfantil/FoodControllerTest.php

@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ class FoodControllerTest extends TestCase
 
         $updated = $this->variantPayload($secondDate->id, 'Cena', 'Vianda', 80, 8500);
         $updated['id'] = $variantId;
+        unset($updated['stock']);
+        $updated['stock_difference'] = -20;
         $updated['description'] = 'Cena para llevar';
 
         $this->postJson('/api/v1/adminapp/tenant/foods', [
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ class FoodControllerTest extends TestCase
         Inventory::query()->whereKey($replacementInventoryId)->delete();
 
         $updated = $this->patchJson('/api/v1/adminapp/tenant/foods/history-stock', [
-            'variants' => [['id' => $historicalVariantId, 'stock' => 45]],
+            'variants' => [['id' => $historicalVariantId, 'stock_difference' => -55]],
         ])
             ->assertOk()
             ->assertJsonPath('data.history.0.variants.0.id', $historicalVariantId)
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ class FoodControllerTest extends TestCase
         ]);
 
         $this->patchJson('/api/v1/adminapp/tenant/foods/history-stock', [
-            'variants' => [['id' => $activeVariantId, 'stock' => 20]],
+            'variants' => [['id' => $activeVariantId, 'stock_difference' => -60]],
         ])
             ->assertUnprocessable()
             ->assertJsonValidationErrors(['variants.0.id']);

tests/Feature/FiestaFutbolInfantil/MerchandiseControllerTest.php

@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ class MerchandiseControllerTest extends TestCase
 
         $updatedVariant = $this->variantPayload('Blanco', 'M', 80, 12500);
         $updatedVariant['id'] = $variantId;
+        unset($updatedVariant['stock']);
+        $updatedVariant['stock_difference'] = -20;
         $updatedItem = $this->itemPayload('Camiseta oficial', 2, [
             $updatedVariant,
             $this->variantPayload('Verde', 'L', 60, 15000),
@@ -234,6 +236,8 @@ class MerchandiseControllerTest extends TestCase
         $secondItemVariantId = $created->json('data.1.variants.0.id');
         $foreignVariant = $this->variantPayload('Azul Marino', 'XL', 20, 30000);
         $foreignVariant['id'] = $secondItemVariantId;
+        unset($foreignVariant['stock']);
+        $foreignVariant['stock_difference'] = 0;
         $firstItem = $this->itemPayload('Camiseta', 3, [$foreignVariant]);
         $firstItem['id'] = $firstItemId;
 

tests/Feature/Migrations/InventoryStockMovementMigrationTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature\Migrations;
+
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Enums\InventoryMovementOperation;
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\Inventory;
+use App\Domains\Commerce\Catalog\Models\InventoryMovement;
+use App\Domains\Core\Auth\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class InventoryStockMovementMigrationTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->softDeletes();
+        });
+        Schema::create('inventories', function (Blueprint $table): void {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->unsignedBigInteger('sold_units')->default(0);
+            $table->unsignedInteger('reserved_stock')->default(0);
+            $table->unsignedInteger('real_stock')->default(0);
+            $table->unsignedBigInteger('refunded_units')->default(0);
+            $table->unsignedInteger('entry_reserved_stock')->default(0);
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        Schema::disableForeignKeyConstraints();
+        Schema::dropIfExists('inventory_movements');
+        Schema::dropIfExists('inventories');
+        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
+        Schema::enableForeignKeyConstraints();
+
+        parent::tearDown();
+    }
+
+    public function test_migration_and_rollback_preserve_the_available_balance(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('inventories')->insert([
+            'id' => 17,
+            'real_stock' => 10,
+            'sold_units' => 3,
+            'refunded_units' => 1,
+            'reserved_stock' => 2,
+            'entry_reserved_stock' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        $stockMigration = $this->stockMigration();
+        $movementMigration = $this->movementMigration();
+        $stockMigration->up();
+        $movementMigration->up();
+
+        $inventory = Inventory::findOrFail(17);
+        $this->assertSame(12, $inventory->real_stock);
+        $this->assertSame(7, $inventory->availableStock());
+        $this->assertTrue(Schema::hasTable('inventory_movements'));
+
+        $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(2);
+        $this->assertSame(9, $inventory->availableStock());
+
+        $movementMigration->down();
+        $stockMigration->down();
+
+        $this->assertFalse(Schema::hasColumn('inventories', 'available_stock'));
+        $this->assertFalse(Schema::hasTable('inventory_movements'));
+        $this->assertSame(12, Inventory::findOrFail(17)->real_stock);
+        $this->assertSame(9, Inventory::findOrFail(17)->availableStock());
+    }
+
+    public function test_movements_capture_counters_actor_and_idempotency(): void
+    {
+        $this->stockMigration()->up();
+        $this->movementMigration()->up();
+        DB::table('users')->insert(['id' => 5]);
+        $user = User::query()->findOrFail(5);
+
+        $inventory = Inventory::query()->create(['real_stock' => 10]);
+        $inventory->recordInitialization($user);
+        $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(3, $user, '955d2afb-1e36-46df-a9db-d9ee31ed5eb4');
+        $inventory->adjustAvailableStock(3, $user, '955d2afb-1e36-46df-a9db-d9ee31ed5eb4');
+        $inventory->reserve(2, true);
+        $inventory->buy(2, true);
+        $inventory->refundStock(1, $user);
+
+        $this->assertSame(12, $inventory->availableStock());
+        $this->assertCount(5, $inventory->movements()->get());
+
+        $adjustment = InventoryMovement::query()
+            ->where('operation', InventoryMovementOperation::StockIncreased->value)
+            ->firstOrFail();
+        $this->assertSame(3, $adjustment->available_stock_delta);
+        $this->assertSame(10, $adjustment->available_stock_before);
+        $this->assertSame(13, $adjustment->available_stock_after);
+        $this->assertSame(['real_stock' => 3], $adjustment->counter_deltas);
+        $this->assertSame(5, $adjustment->responsible_user_id);
+
+        $purchase = InventoryMovement::query()
+            ->where('operation', InventoryMovementOperation::PurchaseCommitted->value)
+            ->firstOrFail();
+        $this->assertSame(0, $purchase->available_stock_delta);
+        $this->assertSame(['reserved_stock' => -2, 'sold_units' => 2], $purchase->counter_deltas);
+    }
+
+    public function test_migration_rejects_an_inventory_with_negative_available_stock(): void
+    {
+        DB::table('inventories')->insert([
+            'id' => 23,
+            'real_stock' => 1,
+            'reserved_stock' => 2,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage(
+            'stock disponible actual es negativo. Inventarios detectados (máximo 20): '
+            .'id=23 [real=1, vendidas=0, reintegradas=0, reservadas=2, reservas_entradas=0, resultado=-1]'
+        );
+
+        $this->stockMigration()->up();
+    }
+
+    private function stockMigration(): Migration
+    {
+        return require database_path('migrations/2026_09_25_000000_generate_available_inventory_stock.php');
+    }
+
+    private function movementMigration(): Migration
+    {
+        return require database_path('migrations/2026_09_25_010000_create_inventory_movements_table.php');
+    }
+}