feat: Implement value change logging functionality with models, traits, and migration; add tests for logging behavior and value change mapping

app/Domains/Logging/Enums/ValueChangeActorType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domains\Logging\Enums;
+
+enum ValueChangeActorType: string
+{
+    case User = 'user';
+    case System = 'system';
+}

app/Domains/Logging/Models/Concerns/LogsValueChanges.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domains\Logging\Models\Concerns;
+
+use App\Domains\Logging\Enums\ValueChangeActorType;
+use App\Domains\Logging\Models\ValueChange;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use LogicException;
+
+trait LogsValueChanges
+{
+    public static function bootLogsValueChanges(): void
+    {
+        static::updated(function (Model $model): void {
+            $changedAttributes = array_values(array_intersect(
+                $model->getLoggedAttributes(),
+                array_keys($model->getChanges()),
+            ));
+
+            if ($changedAttributes === []) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $userId = Auth::id();
+            $actorType = $userId === null
+                ? ValueChangeActorType::System
+                : ValueChangeActorType::User;
+
+            foreach ($changedAttributes as $attribute) {
+                $model->valueChanges()->create([
+                    'attribute' => $attribute,
+                    'old_value' => $model->getRawOriginal($attribute),
+                    'new_value' => $model->getAttributes()[$attribute] ?? null,
+                    'changed_at' => now(),
+                    'actor_type' => $actorType,
+                    'user_id' => $userId,
+                ]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /** @return array<int, string> */
+    public function getLoggedAttributes(): array
+    {
+        if (! property_exists($this, 'loggedAttributes')) {
+            throw new LogicException(sprintf(
+                'The [%s] model must define a $loggedAttributes property.',
+                static::class,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        return array_values(array_unique($this->loggedAttributes));
+    }
+
+    /** @return MorphMany<ValueChange, $this> */
+    public function valueChanges(): MorphMany
+    {
+        return $this->morphMany(ValueChange::class, 'trackable');
+    }
+}

app/Domains/Logging/Models/ValueChange.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Domains\Logging\Models;
+
+use App\Domains\Auth\Models\User;
+use App\Domains\Logging\Enums\ValueChangeActorType;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Fillable;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
+
+#[Fillable([
+    'trackable_type',
+    'trackable_id',
+    'attribute',
+    'old_value',
+    'new_value',
+    'changed_at',
+    'actor_type',
+    'user_id',
+])]
+class ValueChange extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    /** @return MorphTo<Model, $this> */
+    public function trackable(): MorphTo
+    {
+        return $this->morphTo();
+    }
+
+    /** @return BelongsTo<User, $this> */
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
+    }
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'trackable_id' => 'integer',
+            'changed_at' => 'datetime',
+            'actor_type' => ValueChangeActorType::class,
+            'user_id' => 'integer',
+        ];
+    }
+}